EXP packaging requirements for lithium batteries and lithium battery equipment

Lithium batteryIt has been widely used in personal consumer goods, industrial production, transportation and other industries.Especially in daily life,Lithium batteries can be seen almost everywhere, including mobile phone power supply, electric vehicle power supply, charging treasure, common electric garden tools, automatic sweeping robots, etc.LithiumBattery.

On the one hand,Lithium batteryProducts bring convenience to our lives.On the other hand, due to the characteristics of products,Lithium batteryThere is a great potential danger, and the subsequent safety accidents often occur.Compared with other accidents, the occurrence time is getting shorter and shorter.It is difficult to completely extinguish, which will cause serious personal and property losses.

From the Samsung Note7 mobile phone battery caught fire in 2016 to the Pudong Airport plane caught fire in July 2020, especially in January 2020, the lithium battery cargo hold of a COSCO Shipping International Trade Container Ship caught fire.There are 131 Container, causing huge losses.These accidents remind us all the time,Lithium battery productsThe potential safety hazard has always existed.

Classification of lithium batteries

The first category is shipped separatelyLithium battery.Lithium batteryAs a battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive and negative materials and using non-aqueous electrolyte solution, it can be divided intoLithium metal batteryAnd lithium-ion batteries.Lithium-metal batteries contain metallic lithium and usually cannot be charged, while lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and can be charged.When shipped separately, the corresponding UN numbers are 3090 and 3480.

The second category is the lithium battery that comes with the equipment.In actual trade and transportation,Lithium batteryOften transported with equipment.There are two main situations.One is that the battery is installed in the device, and the other is that the battery is packaged with the device.Regardless of the above, the corresponding UN numbers are 3091 and 3481, respectively, depending on whether they contain lithium metal.

The third category is equipment or vehicles powered by lithium batteries.In recent years, various new energy vehicles powered by lithium batteries have emerged one after another, including bicycles, automobiles and balance cars.The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulations have assigned UN number 3171 to this product.

Relevant laws and regulations

The inspection and supervision of lithium batteries and lithium battery products are mainly based on the United Nations "onDangerous goodsModel Regulations for Transport Recommendations, United NationsDangerous goodsManual of Tests and Criteria for Transport Recommendations, International Maritime OrganizationDangerous goodsTransport Rules, International Civil Aviation OrganizationTechnical Rules for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and EXPDangerous goodsRules for packaging inspection"(SN/T0370.1-2009) (SN/T0370.2-2009) (SN/T0370.3-2012), etc.

For example, "International maritime transportDangerous goodsThe Transport Regulations require lithium batteries in EXP to pass the UN38.3 test and provide a summary of the test.Safety vents shall be installed for each battery core and battery pack, which shall be designed to prevent stress damage in case of common accidents;Each battery core and battery pack shall be equipped with effective devices to prevent external short circuit;Each battery pack containing multiple parallel cells or batteries in series must be equipped with effective devices (such as diodes, fuses, etc.) required to prevent the danger caused by reverse current;Battery and battery pack manufacturers must establish a good quality management system.

Packaging requirements for lithium batteries and lithium battery equipment in EXP

The following requirements are required for international maritime transport of dangerous goodsPackaging guide P903 mentioned in the list.According to different product categories, this guide is applicable to related products under UN 3090, 3091, 3480 and 3481.

1. For the battery or battery pack installed in the container, protective measures should be taken to prevent the battery core or battery pack from being damaged due to movement or position change in the container.Packaging must meet the performance index of Class II packaging.For batteries or batteries with a total weight of 12 kg or more, a strong and impact-resistant shell and a collection of such batteries or batteries also require a strong outer packaging, protective cover, Pallet or other handling equipment.Similarly, such cells or batteries should be protected from accidental movement, and electrodes should not bear the weight of other stacked items.

2. The battery core or battery pack packaged with the equipment, but its container must meet the performance index of Class II packaging, and the equipment must be fixed in the outer container and must not be moved.The battery or battery pack is also completely wrapped.

3. In addition to meeting the aforementioned requirements, the batteries or battery packs installed in the equipment should also take measures to prevent accidental start-up during transportation.Also protect the battery or battery pack from short circuit.

4. When the package contains the lithium battery in the equipment and the lithium battery combination packaged with the equipment, the package shall be marked "Lithium metal battery UN 3091 or lithium ion UN 3481 together with the equipment".If a package contains both lithium-ion and lithium-metal batteries, the package shall be marked with both battery types.

In addition to several key points in the packaging guide P903 of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, there are also the following inspection and supervision points that need attention:

First, whether it is a lithium-ion battery pack or a lithium-ion battery pack loaded or packaged with the equipment, the watt-hour ratio must be marked outside the container.

Two, lithium battery products are not applicable to restricted packaging, nor is it applicable to exempted packaging.

Third, the packaging must be marked or marked for lithium batteries.Lithium batteries or lithium battery packs meeting the requirements of Article 188 shall use "rectangular marks".Other lithium batteries or lithium battery packs use Class 9Dangerous goods"Diamond sign".However, it is not excluded that some countries and regions require posting two kinds of signs at the same time, as long as the company provides information.

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